Present perfect 2(I have done)
Unit 8
Present perfect 2(I have done)
به مثال زیر توجه کنید:
Dave: have you travelled a lot, Jane?
Jane: yes, I’ve been to lots of places.
Dave: really? Have you ever been China?
Jane: yes, I’ve been to China twice.
Dave: what about India?
Jane: no, I haven’t been to India.
وقتی در مورد یه دوره از زمانی که از گذشته تا حال ادامه یافته از حال کامل استفاده می کنیم(have been, have travelled). در این مثال دیو و جین در مورد مکان هایی که در زندگیش دیده صحبت می کند( یه دوره ای که تا حال ادامه یافته).
o Have you ever eaten caviar? ( in your life)
o What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
Been to= visited.
I’ve never been to China. Have you been there?
از قیدهای زیر می تواتید استفاده کنید
Recently/in the last few days/so far/since breakfast etc.
o Have you heard from Brian recently?
o It’s so good to see you again. We haven’t seen each other for a long time.
حال کامل را با today/ this evening/ this year etc. استفاده می کنیم، وقتی که این دوره ها در زمان صحبت به پایان نرسیده باشند
o I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today.
o I haven’t seen Tom this morning. Have you?
حال کامل برای کاری که برای اولین بار اتفاق افتاده:
o Don is having a driving lesson. It’s his first one.
It’s the first time he has driven a car. (Not drives)
Or he has never driven a car before.
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